 Introduzione
Come Si Arriva Plane
Cagliari’s airport at Elmas is just five kilometres or a 10-minute drive away. It is served by several airlines offering daily flights to the mainland and across Europe, and has been recently renovated to make arrival and departure procedures more efficient. There are two other airports on Sardinia, both located in the north, at Olbia and Fertilia.
Train
Two railway networks are available for citizens and tourists: State Railroad and Sardinian Railway. The former is situated in the centre of Cagliari, connected with the port; Sardinian Railway has its in the Republic's square. The main connections are Oristano-Macomer-Porto, Torres-Sassari-Olbia, Iglesias-Decimo-Siliqua-Carbonia.
Sea
As the second-biggest island in the Mediterranean, Cagliari is also well served by ferries. The port lies right in the city centre. Overnight ferrys take you to Civitavecchia, Genoa, Livorno, Naples and Sicily. There are also less frequent lines to Tunis in Tunisia. If you are taking a car in the summer month, it is essential to book in advance.
Car
The island's principal motorway is the SS131, which connects Cagliari with Oristano and Sassari. With national roads to Sassari (SS199-E840), Tempio Pausania (SS127), and Palau (SS125).
History and Culture
It was conquered by Tiberio Gracco consul in 238 BC. and during the Roman era enjoyed a long period of prosperity, which was accompanied by great urban development. It was declared a municipium and later the Bishop's See. Magnificent testimony to the Roman period still remain today, among which the Roman Amphitheatre, the Grotta della Vipera and the Villa di Tigellio.
During Pisan domination (1258) the city experienced a further period of a growth and testimony to this can be seen in the fortified Citadel, the Castrum Karalis with its defence walls and towers, and the development of the new quarters of Marina, Stampace and Villanova. The Castle (Castrum Karalis) was the centre of town life, as well as being the seat of power. This quarter, surrounded by ramparts and closed by the two towers of San Pancrazio and l'Elefante, is characterised by a series of streets which lead towards two gateways: Porta Cristina and Porte Dei Due Leoni.
When Sardinia passed under Spanish dominion, the city experienced a period of decline which continued with the arrival of the Savoy Family in 1720, whose dominion lasted up until the Unification of Italy.
During World War II the city suffered severe aerial bombing by the Allies and numerous buildings and churches were destroyed. Since 1949 Sardinia has been an Autonomous Region with Special Statute, with Cagliari as its capital.
Chiese e Musei
East of the center of Caliari, in Piazza San Cosimo, is the church of San Saturno, also called Santi Cosma e Damiano. It is the oldest sanctuary in Sardinia and is one of the best examples of early Christian art in the whole Mediterranean.It gets its name from the local martyr Saturno, condemned to death in 304 under the Roman Emperor Diocleziano. The building consists of a large central structure on which the hemispherical dome of the cupola rests, dating back to the 5th century.
The Cathedral of Santa Maria
The Cathedral was built by the Pisans in the XIII century A.D., on the site of the ancient church dedicated to Santa Cecilia, and has undergone different reconstruction work over the centuries. Inside the Cathedral there is a nave and two side aisles, with a raised presbytery and transept. Among the many works of art to admire here are: the Pulpit, built by Guglielmo from Pisa, paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries, and wooden sculptures from the 16th century.
The National Archaeological Museum.
The museum boasts a vast selection of relics from various ancient civilisations, among which an exceptional collection of bronzes dating back to the Nuragic civilisation. There are also numerous relics from all over the island, particularly from the regions of Sarrabus-Gerrei, Marmilla, Trexenta, Campidano, Sulcis-Iglesiente, Oristanese, Barigadu and Montiferru. These relics can be traced back to Phoenician and Punic times, as well as to the Roman era.
The Citadel of Museums
Crossing the Doric order gateway, leading into the Citadel of Cagliari, visitors can meander along the extraordinary corridors on two levels and the gallery which looks out over the city, offering breathtaking views of Cagliari. The Citadel holds the University Faculties of Antiquity, Archaeology and Art and Sardinian Studies, the National Archaeological Museum, the National Picture Gallery, the Siamese Museum and the Clemente Susini Waxwork Museum and has a spacious conference room, called the “Sala Verde” (Green Room).
Historical buildings and monuments
The Cagliari amphitheatre, which was built in the second century AD. today is a centre for lyric and theatrical shows. The steps are carved almost completely in the rock taking advantage of the slanted ground. The central underground hole that was dug along the main axis is still noticeable in the middle of the arena and it was intersected by an underground corridor accessible through two opposite staircases by the sides of the arena itself.
Places of Interest
Nearby the museum is the Municipal Art Gallery, which contains modern masterpieces of the most important Sardinian artists. Adjoining is a Sardinian ethnographical museum.
Parco dei sette Fratelli
For the lovers of nature visiting the Southeast of Sardinia this park is a must see spot. The original State forest centre has been preserved since 1886 and with time, the protected area has been extended. Walking through the many well posted paths you will admire holm-oaks, cork-oaks, Mediterranean vegetation, alders, oleanders and willow trees. If you are lucky you might even see a fine example of the Sardinian deer together with wild boars and moufflons. Among the birds of prey the royal eagle is the only example left on these mountains where they have a high nest-building rate; there are also 115 vertebrate species, including amphibian, reptiles, birds and mammals that find a perfect habitat here.
Poetto Beach
Poetto is one of the most beautiful city beaches in the Mediterranean. It is just 5 Km from the centre of Cagliari and stretches along about 11 Km of sandy coastline. This fine, white sandy beach attracts thousands of locals, as well as tourists, all year round, and the many kiosks, bars and bathing establishments offer a wide range of services and comforts.
Eventi
St. Anthony Abbot is celebrated with a fire ritual: after being lit, the logs became the aggregation point of the population, that revolved around the bonfire, spending the night eating, drinking and happily singing.
Rites of Passion and Holy Week - 4th/10th April
Suggestive religious and sacred rites which reflect ancient traditions, held in the churches and streets of the historical districts.
Festival of Sant'Efisio - 1st/4th May
The pilgrimage which carries the statue of saint Efisio from Cagliari to Nora shows off all the traditional costumes from all over Sardinia with dancing and carabinieri on horseback “traccas” (carts) and musical groups. The pilgrimage returns on 4th May at night.
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