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 Introduzione
Parma is divided into two parts by the little stream with the same name. The Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci (born in a hamlet in the countryside) wrote: “As a capital city it had to have a river. As a little capital it received a stream, which is often dry”.
Come Si Arriva By Plane
Parma has a small airport called Giuseppe Verdi Airport (PMF), situated less than 2 miles from the city centre.
Nearest airports are:
Parma Airport (PMF) - 35.5 km
Gabriele D'Annunzio (VBS) - 79.2 km
Villafranca (VRN) - 79.4 km
Bologna (BLQ) - 81.1
By Train
Parma Airport is only 15 minutes from the nearest mainline railway station. Parma's railway station is close to the old town centre and to the main hotels. The town lies on the Milan-Bologna railway line, with frequent trains to Milan, Bologna and Florence.
By Car
A1 motorway, exit Parma
Take “Fiera” exit from by-pass and head for Parma Centro.Various car hire agencies can be found in the Arrival terminal. The nearby main A1 motorway gives easy access to Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome and Naples, the A15 provides quick access to La Spezia on the west coast.
By Bus
A cheap shuttle bus serves Parma airport. Bus services are available from the Train station.
History and Culture
The Roman colony was founded in 183 BC, together with Modena. 2000 families were settled. Parma had a certain importance as a road hub over the Via Aemilia and the Via Claudia. It had a forum, in what is today the central Garibaldi Square. In 44 BC, the city was destroyed, and Augustus rebuilt it. During the Roman Empire it gained the title of Julia for its loyalty to the imperial house.
Under the Frankish rule, Parma became a committee's capital. Like most northern Italian cities, it was nominally a part of the Holy Roman Empire created by Charlemagne, but locally ruled by its bishops, first being Guidobus. In the subsequent struggles between Papacy and Empire, Parma was usually member of the Imperial party.
An almost independent commune was created around 1140. After the peace of Konstanz (1183), quarrels with the neighboring communes of Reggio Emilia, Piacenza and Cremona became harsher: the aim was the control over the vital trading line over the Po River.
Chiese e Musei
Parma's cathedral is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. It is one of the most typical local Romanesque buildings of its time.
Time and men have carried out various changes on the structure and decoration of the cathedral since it was first built, leaving various “traces of art”. It was located outside the original city walls, and was built for the Antipope Cadalo in around 1059, and then consecrated under Pope Pasquale II in 1106.
A violent earthquake in 1117 shook all of Padania and a large part of the building was seriously damaged and subsequently underwent reconstruction work and changes.
Battistero
The Baptistry, located next to the Cathedral, is undoubtedly one of the tallest expressions of art in Italy. The solemn Gothic interior features a double baptismal font dating from the end of the thirteenth century.
Chiesa della S.S Annunziata
The church of S.S Annunziata was begun in 1566. It has a central body in an elliptic form to which ten radial chapels have been added. The theme of Annunciation is celebrated above the central portal, with a stucco relief from the second half of the seventeenth century.
Chiesa di Santa Maria della Steccata
This church is an example of Renaissance architecture in Parma. It has a central Greek cross plan in a Bramante-like style, and was built between 1521 and 1539. It was built by Bernardino and Giovanni Francesco Zaccagni who demonstrated that they were familiar with, and knew how to interpret the architectural rules set out by Bramante. The interior decoration was decorated by prominent artists, both local and foreign to Parma. The Baroque altar in the choir was begun by Mauro Oddi and completed in 1758-1765 by Andrea and Domenico della Meschina. In the sacristy and presbytery, many of the fresco figures and decorations were painted or planned by a young Parmigianino.
Chiesa e monastero di San Giovanni Evangelista
The monastic complex of San Giovanni Evangelista is made up of a church, a monastery, and the historical San Giovanni pharmacy.
The origins date back to the 10th century, although the facade is baroque in style. The bell tower on the right-hand side was added in 1613.
Chiesa di Santa Croce
The church of Santa Croce is of ancient Romanesque origin and is found on the ancient road of Via Francigena (twelfth century). It underwent important modifications in 1415 and in the seventeenth century.
Chiesa di Santa Maria del Quartiere
This Church is built on a hexagonal plan and is supported by arches and pillars. It is covered by a great dome which was decorated with frescoes by P.A. Bernabei (1626-1629). The church was built as a votive offering over the place where the military garrison once stood.
Chiesa di San Sepolcro
The church of San Sepolcro was built in 1257 on the site of an older church, which dated from 1100. The exterior is in Gothic style and has been greatly modified with Gothic windows on the left side.
Chiesa di San Quintino
The church of San Quentino dates back to the 1800s even if there are no precise historic documents which document its birth or possible architectural transformations at the time.
Chiesa di San Pietro
On the western side of the central Piazza Garibaldi, is the façade of the church of San Pietro, designed in 1762 by the court architect Ennemond Petitot.
National Archeological Museum
Founded in 1760 by Philip I of Borbone, the museum offers an interesting visiting route. It houses archeological finds from the Prehistoric, Greek, Egyptian and Roman age.
Puppet Castle - Museum Giordano Ferrari
The Giordano Ferrari collection is the most important Italian collection of items from the animation theatre: puppets, marionettes, heads, stage material, pictures and posters.
Museum of Natural History
Founded by J.B. Foucault in 1764, it collects natural testimonies from various periods and origins. Of great interest the Bottega collection with over 600 vertebrate specimens coming from the Massaua, Asmara, and Cheren areas.
Arturo Toscanini's Museum and Native House
Arturo Toscanini's name is connected to the Teatro Alla Scala of Milan, the Metropolitan of New York and the Teatro Regio of Turin. Here are exposed testimonies and documents related to the artist's life. The attic houses an audition room where visitors can listen to the registrations of music conducted by Toscanini.
Museum of "Marie Louise and Napoleon's” Testimonies
It houses a rich artistic and historical documentation of the duchy of Parma from mid '700 to the Unity of Italy, giving special attention to the reign of Duchess Marie Louise of Austria. Not to be missed the wedding corbeille designed by Prud'hon, Napoleon Bonaparte's gift to Marie Louise, Naudin's watercolor paintings and P. Toschi and B.Bossi's engravings.
Historical buildings and monuments
The building, designed by Vignola, transformed and completed by Petitot, houses marvelous rooms frescoed by Benigno Bossi, Girolamo Mirala and Jacopo Bertoja.
Giuseppe Verdi's Native House
Giuseppe Verdi, author among others of Aida and Traviata, was born in 1813 in Busseto (PR). The building has been declared a national monument and it has been kept intact so far.
Colorno Palace
It has about 400 rooms. It has been the residence of the Sanseverino, Farnese, Borbone Families and Marie Louise of Austria's. A must the Serassi organ, played during the annual Concert Season.
Places of Interests
In this important and prestigious gallery are exposed paintings and works from various periods among which paintings by Beato Angelico, Cima da Conegliano, El Greco, Annibale Carracci and Ludovico Carracci, Guercino, Tiepolo, Cataletto. Not to be missed are the masterpieces by Correggio and Parmigianino.
Borsari 1870 Collection
The collection is divided into two sections: the first is dedicated to the Parma violet, while the second is related to the evolution of the style of its perfume. It is said that the Parma violet perfume, famous worldwide, was inspired by Marie Louise, Napoleon Buonaparte's second wife.
Pinacoteca (Giuseppe Stuard)
It collects about 300 works by, among the others, Maestro di Misericordia, Bicci di Lorenzo, Pietro di Giovanni D'Ambrogio, Paolo Uccello, Paolo di Giovanni Fei. Cavalier D'Arpino, B. Manfredi, Guercino, Bartolomeo Schedoni, Giovanni Lanfranco and more paintings by Sebastiano Ricci, Zurbaran, Domenico Tintoretto and many others.
Saint Paul's Room
Saint Paul's room is a cm 697 x 645 fresco realized between 1519 and 1520 by the Italian artist Correggio (Antonio Allegri da Correggio). The masterwork is kept in the convent of Saint Paul in Parma.
Certosa Di Parma
It is located at only 4 km from Parma. Founded in 1225, it was the residence of the Carthusian monks for about 500 years. Through the years thereafter the Carthusian monastery housed various structures such as Manifattura Tabacchi, a rehabilitation institute. Today it's the seat of the Warders School. The church built in 1772 preserves frescoes by Galeotti. The Carthusian monastery of Parma has inspired Stendhal's homonymous work.
Orto Botanico di Parma
The Orto Botanico di Parma is a botanical garden maintained by the University of Parma.
Eventi
The European school in Parma will hold an event to celebrate Schuman Day.
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