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Duomo (Naples)

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Introduction
Location
History

ATTRACTIONS

The Facade
The Chapel of the Treasure of St.Gennaro
The Miracle of San Gennaro
Art Works
Ceiling and Pillars
Archaeological works

INFORMATION

Useful Information
Links

Introduction

The Cathedral of Naples (or Duomo) is the main Church of Naples, southern Italy. It is dedicated to San Gennaro (St. Januarius), the patron saint of the city. The church houses a vial of the Saint's blood that is brought out twice a year, on the first Sunday in May and 19 September, and usually liquefies. According to legend if the blood should fail to liquefy, then something bad will happen to Naples.

Location

Address: Via del Duomo 147; Naples, Italy.

History

The Cathedral of Naples was built around the end of the 12th century but has undergone several restorations over the centuries, partly carried out to repair the damage from earthquakes and partly to increase its artistic beauty. The church was commissioned by the King Charles I of Anjou. Construction continued during the reign of his successor, Charles II (1285-1309) and was completed in the early 14th century under Robert of Anjou. It was built on the foundations of two palaeo-Christian basilicas, whose traces can still be clearly seen. Underneath the church, excavations have revealed Greek and Roman artifacts. The cathedral has been restored numerous times over the centuries. It was redone after the earthquake of 1788 and again in 1887. Its marble portals, however, are original.

The Facade

The facade of the cathedral is 46.50 meters wide and is around 50 meters tall. It is endowed with three portals: A plant and two sides. The portal of left has on its right St. Giovanni IV the Scribe, in the kiosk the St. Bishops Pomponio, Nostriano and Domenico's Jollo sculptures. In the medallion there is the bust of the Savior in memory of the Stefania to which was devoted. In the lunetta there is set a statue of St. Atanasio attributed to Antonio Baboccio.
The portal on the right has on its right St. Eustazio, in the kiosk the St. Bishops Fortunate and Massimo, Alberto's Ferrer sculptures. In the lunetta is set a statue representing St. Aspreno attributed to Antonio Baboccio.
Both the portals are in axle with the side aisles and the apse's chapels devoted to the Saints represented by the statues.

The portal on the right only open's for the inherent festivities of the cult of St. Gennaro; it has to be opened also in the following exceptional cases: the fruition of a religious function of the ruling royal family or the marriage of a member of the family Capece Minutolo.
In the tower of left, on her bifora, the angels to the sides of the cuspide are of Salvatore Irdi. In the circle there is a bust of Saint Restituta made from Michele Busciolani. On the side Thomas Solariums it carved emperor Costantino's relief, that made to build Holy Restituta: the first Neapolitan Cathedral.
In the tower of right, the angels with the symbols of St. Gennaro are the works of Stanislao Lista. In the circle there is the bust of St. Gennaro of Antonio Busciolano. On the side, of Thomas Solari, the bishop's relief Stephen I, founder of the second Neapolitan Cathedral.

The Chapel of the Treasure of St. Gennaro

Chapel of San Gennaro is built between 1608 and 1637 to fulfill the vow made by the people of Naples on January 13, 1527, after a plague. The bust of Januarius is precious. It is of silver, done by French craftsmen and is a gift of Charles III of Angio. It preserves part of the saint's skull as well as the vial of blood that is believed by the faithful to liquefy miraculously twice a year.

San Gennaro was the Bishop of Benevento and was beheaded at Pozzuoli in 304 during Diocletian's persecution of the Christians. They had to chop his head off, the story goes, because when they had thrown him to the lions once before, the animals had refused to attack him and had simply crouched in submission at his feet. His remains were taken to Napoli to be conserved.

The Miracle of San Gennaro

The “miracle of San Gennaro” refers to the liquefaction of the clotted blood of the saint. It is said to happen two times a year at the Duomo (Cathedral) of Naples and at the Church of San Gennaro at Solfatara in Pozzuoli, virtually on the spot where he was killed. September 19 is the anniversary of his martyrdom. Besides September 19 and the first Sunday in May, some sources say the miracle may also occur on December 16, in commutation of a violent explosion of Vesuvius, which spared the city in the 1600s.

Art works

Other artworks include an Assumption by Pietro Perugino, canvasses by Luca Giordano and the Palaeo-Christian baptistery, with mosaics from the 4th century. The main chapel is a restoration of the 18th century, with a Baroque relief by Pietro Bracci. The Minutolo Chapel, mentioned in Boccaccio's Decameron, has 14th century frescoes.
The facade was reworked by Enrico Alvino in the late 19th century, but retains the 15th century portal, including some sculptures by Tino da Camaino.

Ceiling and Pillars

Ceiling
The ceiling of the central nave is of wood and bears five paintings by various artists: the Annunciation, the Presentation at the Temple, the Visitation, the Nativity and the Epiphany. High on the walls of the central nave and the transept are paintings of saints done by Luca Giordano and his school; at the base of the pillars are busts of the first 16 bishops of the city of Naples.
Pillars
Inside, the cathedral is 100 meters long and in the form of a Latin cross, with three naves, divided by sixteen pillars that form Gothic arches and incorporate 110 granite columns.

Archaeological works

Archaeological work done around the Duomo since the 1960s has brought to light a number of Greek, Roman and medieval items of interest. Traces of four “city blocks” have been found, formed by the intersecting upper and central decumani (the east-west streets of Greek Neapolis) and the stenopoi, or north-south cross-streets. A small temple has been uncovered on the ancient stenopoi corresponding to modern-day via Duomo. The blocks around the Cathedral were clearly incorporated into later Roman Imperial road-work within the city. With the coming of Christianity, a number of Christian churches started to appear in the area, but many of the smaller ones from before the turn of the millennium were torn down to make way for the Cathedral.

Useful Information

Open :9am to 12pm and 4.30pm to 7pm from Monday to Friday;
Sunday 8am and 1:30pm and 5 to 7:30pm .
Telephone: 081 449 097.

Links

Circumvesuviana

Transport

SNAV

Transport

Caremar

Transport

N.L.G Navigazione Libera del Golfo

Transport

Alilauro

Transport

Aeroporto Internazionale di Napoli

Transport

Trenitalia

Transport

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