 Introduction
Milan (Milano), located on the flat plains of the Po Valley, is the capital of Lombardy. The Milan city area, has a population ranging from 2.9 to 7.4 million. Thoroughly enjoys its hard earned role as Italy’s richest and second largest city, the Milanesi enjoy a reputation as successful businesspeople, equally at home overseas and in Italy.
Milan is renowned as one of the world capitals of design and fashion. The Lombard metropolis is famous for its fashion houses and shops (such as along via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele in the Piazza Duomo.
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 Arrival
Milan has long been a crossroads for travel between the continent and the peninsula so it has the best national and international connections in Italy, thanks to its airport, railway and road network.
By Plane:
Aeroporto di Milano, Malpensa (Malpensa Airport)
There are two airports in Milan: The Malpensa airport handles almost all international flights. It's about 50km (31mi) northwest of the city. Most domestic and some European flights use Linate airport, about 7km (4.5mi) east of the city centre.
Public transportation links both airports to the city centre. The Malpensa Express train and coach bus Malpensa Shuttle connect's Malpensa airport to Milan and there is a bus service from Linate Airport to Central Station. There is shuttle service that connect's the two airports. About 45 km outside Milan is Orio al Serio (BGY) international airport mainly used by low-cost airlines.
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By Car:
Many of Italy's main motorways converge at Milan's ring road, known as the Tangenziale Est and Tangenziale Ovest. Prepare to deal with unexpected traffic on your way into and out of Milan, particularly on the busy A4 west to Torino.
By Train:
You can catch a train from Stazione Centrale Piazza Duca d'Aosta: from here depart the majority of to all major cities in Italy. Daily trains run to and from Venice:(3.5hrs), Florence:(3.5hrs), Genoa:(1.5hrs), Turin:(1.5hrs), Rome: (6hrs) and Naples: (8hrs). This is also a good point to pick up international connections to and from Switzerland (with the Cisalpino train) and France (with the TGV). Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM) trains from Stazione Nord (Stazione Cadorna, Piazza Luigi Cadorna) connect Milan with Como (1hr, hourly) and Desanzano (1.5hrs, hourly). Regional services to many towns northwest of Milan are more frequent from Piazza Sigmund Freud in Stazione Porta Garibaldi. For times please consult the Trenitalia site.
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By Bus:
Bus stations are scattered across the city so unless you know exactly where you're going, you're better off travelling by train. Buses (which are operated by numerous companies) to many national and international points leave from the bus station (tel: 02 63 79 01; Piazza Sigmund Freud) opposite the main entrance to Stazione Porta Garibaldi.
 City Transport
Train
Milan's public transportation system is efficient network of trams, buses and metro. The metro is easiest to master (and the fastest and most useful). It's made up of four lines, with a fifth being considered the red MM1, green MM2, yellow MM3, and blue passante ferroviario , meeting at the four main hubs of:
Stazione Centrale (Centrale F.S. Station)
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Stazione Duomo (Milano) Duomo Station(Milan)
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Stazione Cadorna FNM (Cadorna F.N.M. Station)
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Stazione Loreto (Loreto Station)
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Tickets are available at Metropolitana Milanesa (MM) stations and some newspaper stands. You can sometimes get a free public transport map from ATM offices at the Duomo metro station and Stazione Central. Buses, trams and the metro run from around 6am to midnight, after which nightbuses take over, following the metro routes until 1am.
Bus
ATM operate an efficient bus system working in tandem with the underground rail. Tickets ,valid for 75 minutes and can be used for one metro trip and as many bus and tram rides as you want. They are on sale at tobacconists, bars and at the metro station newsagents; most outlets close at 8pm so it's best to buy a few tickets in advance, or a carnet of ten. Some stations have automatic ticket machines, although only the newer ones give change. You can also buy a one-day or two-day ticket from the Stazione Centrale or Duomo metro stations. Free public transport maps are available from ATM's Info Point in the Duomo underground station.
Taxi
Taxis don't cruise the streets, so don't bother trying to flag one down. Either head for a taxi rank - on Piazza Duomo, Largo Cairoli, Piazza San Babile, Stazione Centrale. Apart from taxis, driving in the city is best avoided: the streets are congested and parking close on impossible. Parking in prohibited zones is not worth it; you'll be fined if caught and have your car impounded by the police.
 History and Culture
Milan is said to have been founded by Celtic tribes, who settled along the Po river in the 7th century BC. In 222 BC, Roman legions marched into the territory, defeated the locals and occupied the town, which they called Mediolanum (middle of the plain). The city's key position on the trade routes linking Rome with northwestern Europe ensured its continued prosperity. Milan first stepped into the historical limelight in the fourth century when Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan here, granting Christians throughout the Roman Empire the freedom to worship for the first time. In this time many churches were built and the first bishop Ambrogio was appointed he was so popular that the Church became the Ambrosian Church.
Milan endured centuries of chaos after the fall of the Roman Empire caused by waves of barbarian invasions until it was conquered by the Lombards in 569 A.D.
From the mid-13th century, the city was governed by a succession of important families: the Torrianis, the Viscontis and the Sforzas. Under the latter dynasties, Milan enjoyed considerable wealth and power, Viscontis founded what is still the city's most spectacular building, the florid late-Gothic Duomo, and built the first, heavily fortified nucleus of the Castello - which, under their successors, the Sforza, was extended to house what became one of the most luxurious courts of the Renaissance. This was a period of much building and rebuilding, notably under the last Sforza, Lodovico, who employed the architect Bramante to improve the city's churches and Leonardo da Vinci to paint The Last Supper and design war-machines to aid him in his struggles. Leonardo's inventions didn't prevent Milan falling to the French in 1499, marking the beginning of almost four centuries of foreign rule. The city came under Spanish rule in 1535 and was given to Austria in 1713 as part of the Treaty of Utrecht. Austrian power-broker Maria Theresa left her mark on the city; the facades of La Scala and the Palazzo Real remain her favourite shade of yellow. Napoleon made Milan the capital of his Cisalpine Republic in 1797 and his Italian Republic five years later. It hosted his coronation as King of Italy in 1805.
Milan was a center of the 1848 revolution against Austria and helped lead Italy to unification in 1870.
 Churches and Museums
Duomo
This cathedral looms mighty over the piazza named after it, built on the wishes of Gian Galeazzo Visconti it dates back to 1300. Made of marble and incorporating a evolution of styles from Baroque to Gothic it's an interesting spectacle. To fully appreciate the interior it is recommended that you buy a detailed guide book, or pay for the 1 hour audio guides. Absolutely do not miss a trip to the roof! It is amazing. You can walk among statues, gargoyles, flying buttresses and the 14 foot gilded statue of the Madonna while taking in wonderful views of the city.
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Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie (Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie)
This church is home of Leonardo da Vinci's 'Last Supper' This famous church was completed in 1490. Leonardo da Vinci was asked to paint a mural on the refectory wall and the result was one of his most famous masterpieces. Reservations are highly recommended if you do want to see this church, because of this only a limited number of people are allowed to view it at any one time.
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Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio (Basilica of St. Ambrose)
The church of Sant'Ambrogio is east of the National Museum in Milan. The present church is a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture (12th century; choir ninth century). Notable features of the interior are the pulpit, restored about 1200, with late Romanesque carving, and the casing (paliotto) of the high altar, a masterpiece of Carolingian art (made in 835 at either Milan or Rheims).
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Basilica di San Simpliciano
The site of church was occupied by a Pagan cemetery in the 3rd century AD. Here St. Ambrose began the construction of the Basilica Virginum ("Basilica of the Virgins"), which his successor Simplicianus Soresini finished. In the ninth century the Cluniac Benedictines took possession of the church. The legend says that the bodies of the martyrs housed here flew as doves to the field of Legnano, landing on the City's Carroccio, (a ceremonial war waggon) as a sign of the imminent victory against Frederick Barbarossa's army.
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Basilica di Sant'Eustorgio (Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio)
The Basilica of Sant'Eustorgio for many years was an important centre for pilgrims on their journey to Rome or the Holy Land, because it was the site of the tomb of the Magi or Three Kings. Commissioned by Bishop Eustorgio II in 515 the church was almost completely damaged in 1164 by Frederik Barbarossa. The reconstruction works started in 1190 and last several centuries. The typical Lombard bell tower was built between 1297 and 1309 and in the 15th century was added the beautiful Renaissance style Portinari Chapel
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Basilica di San Lorenzo Maggiore (Basilica of Saint Lawrence)
The Basilica di San Lorenzo Maggiore is a basilica dedicated to the Christian martyr St. Lawrence. Built outside the Roman city walls, near the ampitheatre from which it has taken most of its salvage materials, this extremely old religious building is of great importance not only for art history but also for all sacred Western Christian architecture.
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Chiesa di San Maurizio (San Maurizio Church)
San Maurizio al Monastero Maggiore is a church in Milan, Lombardia. It was initially attached to the convent of the Benedictines in the city, Monastero Maggiore, which is now the archaeological museum. The complex was founded in Lombard times, partly born from an old Roman edifices. The monastery is now home to Milan's Archaeological Museum. The construction began in 1503 under design of Gian Giacomo Dolcebuono in association with Giovanni Antonio Amadeo. The edifice was finished fifteen years later by Cristoforo Solari. The monastery was composed by two section: one for the devoted, one for the nuns.
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Chiesa di San Satiro (San Satiro Church)
The church erected by the archbishop Anspertus in 879 is dedicated to Saint Satyrus, brother of Saints Ambrose. The current church is covering the few rest of the original building built from 1472 to 1482 under order from Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza.
According to some sources, the designer was Bramante who arranged the sacristy perspective, for which the church is well know today. The edifice has a nave and two aisles with barrel vault. The choir, which had to be truncated due to the presence of a main road, was replaced by Bramante with a painted perspective, realizing in this way one of first examples of trompe l'oeil in history of art.
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Chiesa di Santa Maria presso San Celso (Santa Maria in San Celso Church)
The building begun by Gian Giacomo Dolcebuono and Giovanni Battagio in 1493, to house a astounding icon of the Madonna, initially on the central plan. The first part to be built was the octagonal dome, covered outwardly by a tambour with a loggia and arcades decorated by twelve brickwork statues by Agostino De Fondulis, designed in Lombard style by Giovanni Antonio Amadeo (1494-1498).
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Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnica Leonardo da Vinci (Leonardo da Vinci National Museum of Science and Technology)
With its twenty-eight sections, from information technology to engines to astronomy, some 40 000 square metres of displays, and a massive 15 000 pieces in its collection, the Leonardo da Vinci National Museum of Science and Technology in Milan is one of the most important technical and scientific museums in the world. The museum is made up of three separate buildings: the Monumental Building, which is a former Olivetan monastery whose construction dates back to the early sixteenth century; the Rail Transport Building and the Air&Sea Transport Building. Here is a definite must for boffins and future Einsteins and will take a good two hours wandering around to see everything. It's a must do activity if visiting with children.
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Museo Teatro alla Scala (La Scala Theater Museum)
The museum contains a precious collection of objects and relics relating to the history of La Scala Theatre and to theatrical art from classical antiquity to modern times. The most important deposits are in the Casa di riposo per musicisti (Retirement-home for musicians) founded by Giuseppe Verdi, as well as in public places. The Museum also includes the Library, founded with its present structure with the 40.000 volumes given in 1952 by Renato Simoni
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Cenacolo Vinciano
In the refectory of the domenican convent adjoining the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, houses one of the world's most celebrated works: Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper. Extensive measures have been implemented to protect the fresco from further exposure. To ensure that the fresco be kept at room temperature, since restoration the visitor intake has been restricted to a group of 25 admitted every 15 minutes.
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Pinacoteca di Brera
On the first floor of the Palazzo di Brera is the Pinacoteca di Brera which contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings, an outgrowth of the cultural program of the Accademia di Belle Arti (Academy of Fine Arts or Accademia di Brera), which shares the site in the Palazzo Brera. The Brera contains among many other exhibits futuristic paintings of the 20th century. The collections are particularly important in understanding the history of the visual art in northern Italy between the 14th and 18th centuries. There are also excellent examples of Renaissance works, and famous, if not numerous, paintings by other Italian and foreign Old Masters. Only some of the rooms of the Pinacoteca are open to the public. The chief strength of the Pinacoteca di Brera lies in the works by the north Italian masters.
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Pinacoteca Ambrosiana
The museum, founded in the 17th century by Cardinal Federico Borromeo and named after Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, it is one of the city's treasures. The museum holds many paintings by the Venetian, Lombardian, Flemish and schools, plus bronzes and marbles.
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Museo d'Arte Antica (Museum of Ancient Art)
The Museum of Ancient Art is located in the Castello Sforzesco. It exhibits art works from the fourth century to the sixteenth century. It includes Michelangelo's painting the Pieta Rondinini
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Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (Municipal Museum of Natural History)
Was funded on the 1838 and from the 1893 is established as the actual site in Corso Venezia 55 a Milano. The opening time is from 9 to 18, beside on monday when is closed. Is a cultural and scientific institute depending by Milan city hall.
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Museo d'Arte e Scienza (Museum of Art and Science)
Over 2,000 items are on display in the Museum's 18 rooms covering the main sectors of antiques. Of particular interest are the two exhibitions on Leonardo da Vinci, the prestigious collections of excavated pottery, Buddhist Art and African Art, and Interactive equipment at the disposal of visitors.
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Museo degli Strumenti Musicali
The Museum of Musical Instruments, in the Castello Sforzesco, conserves approximately 650 pieces and a vast exotic grouping from outside of Europe. The Museum is concerned with the production of musical instruments from 1500 to 1800. The first section is dedicated to cord instruments, even though it includes antique 700s "spinettes" as well. Then there are the bow instruments with the standing viola and the viole d'amore (viola of love) (so named for the double number.
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Museo del Duomo (Duomo Museum)
The museum collects the artistically production of the Dom, statue, glass, design and everything involved in the realization of this fantastic architectural opera. . You can see the scale models of the church during various phases of its construction. Church vestments from over the centuries are also on display. Tuesday-Sunday 9:30 am-12:30 pm and 3-6 pm.. Piazza del Duomo 14 (MM1/MM3 Duomo), Milanr
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Museo della Preistoria (Prehistory Museum)
The museum mostly from the Po Valley - represent early civilizations from Paleolithic, Neolithic and Iron Ages.
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Museo Manzoniano(Manzoniano Museum) e Casa di Alessandro Manzoni
Via Morone 1, The museum is situated in a historical and elegant building where one of the greatest Italian writers of the 19th century lived from 1814 until his death in 1873. It is still possible to visit all the rooms in the house, including the Sala di Conversazione where Manzoni entertained friends every evening, and his bedroom. The study is one of the highlights as personal objects are on display, and the most interesting item of furniture: the ink-stained desk where Manzoni wrote his famous novel I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed). A museum thoroughly recommended.
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Museo Poldi Pezzoli (Poldi Pezzoli Museum)
A private museum created in the 19th century by Gian Giacomo Poldi Pezzoli, and a good example of the eclectic taste typical of the time. It has a fine collection of paintings including Mantegna, Bellini, Botticelli, Piero della Francesca and Pollaiuolo. In addition, there are collections of decorative arts, such as jewellery, clocks and watches, sundials, ceramics, glass and furniture. English leaflet available. Free audio-guide in English, Italian and Japanese. There are special audioguides in Italian and English for young children and a more scientific guide for children up to 16.
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Chiesa di San Nazaro Maggiore (San Nazaro Maggiore Church)
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Battistero di San Giovanni (Saint John Baptistery)
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Civici Musei del Castello
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Civico Museo Archeologico (Archaeological Civic Museum)
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Civico Museo d'Arte Contemporanea
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 Historical Buildings
Castello Sforzesco (Sforzesco Castle)
Castello Sforzesco has interesting archaeological and numismatic collections. Originally a military fortress, the Castello Sforzesco was completely remodelled by the more comfort-minded Francesco Sforza. The new and improved defences were designed by uber-engineer Leonardo da Vinci. Inside there courtyards, built in Gothic-Renaissance style and frescos painted by master painters such as by Bellini, Tiepolo, Mantegna, Correggio, Titian and Van Dyck, and a collection of Egyptian artefacts. There are also two private homes (Palazzo Bagatti Valsecchi and Poldi Pezzoli), perhaps not quite as grand as the Castle but just as interesting; these have been turned into museums and display textiles, furnishings and paintings also worth seeing when in the area.
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Pinacoteca di Brera
Art museum in Milan, founded in 1809 by Napoleon I, and one of Italian largest art galleries. The museum holdings consist mainly of Italian paintings from the Quattrocento (15th century) to the Rococo period (18th century). It has especially rich collections of Venetian and Lombard paintings from the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
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Cimitero Monumentale (Monumental Cemetery)
The Cimitero Monumentale in Milan, is a very large cemetery (250,000 mq) located on the square given its name, Piazzale del Cimitero Monumentale. Near the heart of Milan, it is filled with a wide range of both contemporary and classical Italian sculptures as well as Greek temples, elaborate obelisks, and other original works such as a scaled-down version of Trajan's Column.
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Pinacoteca e Raccolte d'Arte (Art Gallery and Art Collections)
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 Fountains and Squares
Piazza Cavour (Cavour Square)
From the Piazza della Repubblica the Via Turati runs south to the Piazza Cavour, a busy traffic intersection at the southwest corner of the beautiful Giardini Pubblici, the Municipal Gardens laid out in 1783-86. On the southeast side of Piazza Cavour are three tower blocks, including the 22-story Centro Svizzero.
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Piazza della Scala (Scala Square)
The square was opened in the 1858 in line with the main part of the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, which connect perfectly with la Scala theatre. The square is boarded by one side with the neoclassic building of the architect Piermarini, 1776-78.
The architect Luca Beltrani decided to recover Marino Palace in the 1892 in front the theatre and then construct two building for the Italian Banca Commerciale.
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Piazza Mercanti (Mercanti Square)
It had six gates, one for each of the neighbourhoods of the 13th century city, and in the centre stood the Palazzo della Ragione, or New Town Hall (Broletto Nuovo), commissioned by Oldrado da Tresseno, the first mayor of Milan.
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 Palaces, Villas and Gardens
Palazzo Arcivescovile (Archbishopric Palace).
was designed, in its present forms, by Pellegrini, from 1565 on, commissioned by Carlo Borromeo. The central nucleus of the building is the inner courtyard, onto which opened the homes of the cathedral's clerics. Characterized by the disciplined style of 16th century Lombard architecture, it represents one of the examples that was most often imitated in the 17th century as a model of monumental courtyards.
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Palazzo di Brera (Brera Palace).
owes its name to the Germanic braida, indicating a grassy opening in the city structure: compare the Bra of Verona. The convent on the site passed to the Jesuits (1572), then underwent a radical rebuilding by Francesco Maria Richini (1627/28). When the Jesuits were disbanded in 1773, the palazzo remained the seat of the astronomical Observatory and the library founded by the Jesuits. In 1774 were added the herbarium of the new botanical garden. The buildings were extended to designs by Giuseppe Piermarini, who was appointed professor in the Academy when it was formally founded in 1776.
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Palazzo Marino (Marino Palace)
Now the City Council's headquarters, Palazzo Marino was built in the 16th century for a family of Genoese bankers. It was designed by a leading architect, Galeazzo Alessi his are the beautiful inner courtyard and the main facade, which - strange as it may seem - is today's back front.
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Palazzo Reale (Royal Palace)
What was the Royal Palace is now one of the most beautiful architectures of the Milanese 18th century. The original building which stood here had been the home of the Visconti and of the Sforza families and residence of the Spanish and of the Austrian governors. During the last period of Austrian role, architect Giuseppe Piermarini - the same who designed La Scala - transformed it in 1771-78, giving it the appearance it still has today.
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Parco Sempione (Sempione Park)
The Park occupies the place of the ancient Piazza d'Armi. It was initiated in 1980 according to the designs of Architect Alemagna. It is a Romantic style park with English style organization. It became, from the time of its opening, a centre of public initiative for expositions, such as the re-uniting Exhibition of 1894 and the International Exhibition of 1906 from which remains the functioning Aquarium pavilion. At its borders rises the Art Palace, built in 1931 by design of Architect.
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Villa Reale
This romantic garden with replica ruins was planned together with the late neo-classical main villa between 1790 and 1793 by the architect Leopoldo Pollack for Count Barbiano di Belgioioso. Poorly equipped for children's games, the gardens have a small internal lake which is clean and safe, and a summer venue for classical music concerts and selected theatrical operas. The gardens extend over a surface area of 20,000 square metres. Only children accompanied by an adult are admitted entry.
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Giardini Pubblici (Public Gardens)
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 Places of Interest
Arco della Pace (Arch of Peace)
The neo-classical arch at the far end of Parco Sempione was designed by Luigi Cagnola to hail Napoleon's entry into Milan. Construction was begun in 1807 drawing inspiration from the typology of three fornici (arch shaped openings found in classical monumental buildings; as for example the Coliseum in Rome).
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Alzaia Naviglio Grande
If you need a running spot in the center, south of Milan this course is ideal. You can either access it from Corsico (south) or Milan (north). It is of course a flat route on a pedestrian way bordering the "Naviglio Grande" canal engineered by Leonardo Da Vinci. On the opposite site traffic flows in busy via Ludovico il Moro. The last part of the route is not as safe and is not recommend for young lady to to go late at at night.
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Casa di Manzoni (Manzoni House)
Next door to Palazzo Belgiojoso, is the house that Alessandro Manzoni lived in from 1814 until he died in 1873. The building itself, is characteristic examples of architecture from the renaissance. The most defining element of the building is the facade facing the piazza which has graffito plasterwork underlined by a rich decoration in terracotta executed in 1864 by Andrea Boni in traditional Lombardian renaissance style.
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Corso Como (Corsican Como)
Found in Corso Como, one of Milan's most frequented and fashionable spots for nightlife, this is a favourite haunt for locals as well as foreigners and models. A great atmosphere creates a outstanding sacking for the artistic presentation of the delicate international cuisine. The food goes down well with the house drinks and non-stop music.
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Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II (Vittorio Emanuele II National Gallery)
Found in Corso Como, one of Milan's most frequented and fashionable spots for nightlife, this is a favourite haunt for locals as well as foreigners and models. A great atmosphere creates a outstanding sacking for the artistic presentation of the delicate international cuisine. The food goes down well with the house drinks and non-stop music.
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Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea (Pavilion of Contemporary Art)
Il Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea is located in the old courtyard of the Villa Reale within the perimeter of the old palace stables destroyed during the war. Used for research purposes and the exhibition of contemporary art, Padiglione was built between 1948 and 1954 according to the plans of Ignazio Gardella and is one of the most significant works of Milan architecture from the 1950s. After the attack in 1993, which almost completely destroyed Il Padiglione, it was rebuilt faithfully.
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Civica Galleria d'Arte Moderna
The building was designed by architect Leopold Pollak upon request by the Count Barbiano di Belgioioso in 1790. Over the years, it became the official residence of Napoleon III and of Marshall Radetzky. The main facade, in romantic style, overlooks the gardens. In the gallery you'll find a vast collection of paintings and sculptures from 19th-century Italy.
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Statua di Leonardo da Vinci (Statue of Leonardo da Vinci)
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Fiera Campionaria di Milano
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Ex-Ospedale Maggiore (Maggiore Hospital)
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Ca' Granda
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Porta Garibaldi (Garibaldi Gate)
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Porta Nuova
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Stadio Giuseppe Meazza 'San Siro'
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 Opera Houses
Teatro alla Scala (La Scala)
The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known), is one of the world's most famous opera houses where world famous composer, singers, and orchestra conductors make their debuts. This theatre had a total over 3,000 seats organized into 678 pit-stalls, arranged in six tiers of boxes above which is the loggione or two galleries. The stage is one of the largest in Italy; the proscenium is 26m wide and 27m high, and the stage was originally 20m deep. The season begins in early to mid-December and runs through May.
Related Articles: La Scala Theater Guide
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Teatro degli Arcimboldi (Arcimboldi Theatre)
The Teatro degli Arcimboldi is a theatre and opera house in Milan which was built for the closure and subsequent nearly three-year long renovation of Milan's La Scala opera house in December 2001. It is located 4.5 miles from the city centre in an abandoned Pirelli tire factory. The fan-shaped 2,375 seat auditorium, created on two levels. Performances of many different types of music are still given at the Arcimboldi.
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